Pogroms began under which ruler?

Pogroms began under which ruler?

• A. Czar Alexander III
• B. Czar Nicholas II
• C. Peter the Great
• D. Catherine the Great

Answer: (A)

Pogroms began under Alexander III, as anti-Jewish sentiment in the Russian Empire turned into organized violence in the early 1880s. After Alexander II’s assassination, his son tightened restrictions on Jewish life, confined many Jews to the Pale of Settlement, and allowed or tolerated mobs to attack Jewish communities. This led to the first large-scale waves of pogroms around 1881–1882 and continued in the following years. The pattern of oppression and violence continued under his successors, but the starting point is tied to Alexander III’s reign. Rulers from earlier eras, like Peter the Great or Catherine the Great, were in the 17th and 18th centuries, not the late 19th century, so they’re not the period when pogroms began. While Nicholas II also faced pogroms, the initial surge occurred under Alexander III.

Pogroms began under Alexander III, as anti-Jewish sentiment in the Russian Empire turned into organized violence in the early 1880s. After Alexander II’s assassination, his son tightened restrictions on Jewish life, confined many Jews to the Pale of Settlement, and allowed or tolerated mobs to attack Jewish communities. This led to the first large-scale waves of pogroms around 1881–1882 and continued in the following years. The pattern of oppression and violence continued under his successors, but the starting point is tied to Alexander III’s reign.

Rulers from earlier eras, like Peter the Great or Catherine the Great, were in the 17th and 18th centuries, not the late 19th century, so they’re not the period when pogroms began. While Nicholas II also faced pogroms, the initial surge occurred under Alexander III.